18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of pediatric neuroblastoma: a multi-omics parameters method to predict MYCN copy number category.

Background: The MYCN copy number category is closely related to the prognosis of neuroblastoma (NB). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the predictive ability of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) radiomic features for MYCN copy number in NB. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 104 pediatric patients with NB that had been confirmed by pathology. To develop the Bio-omics model (B-model), which incorporated clinical and biological aspects, PET/CT radiographic features, PET quantitative parameters, and significant features with multivariable stepwise logistic regression were preserved. Important radiomics features were identified through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and univariable analysis. On the basis of radiomics features obtained from PET and CT scans, the radiomics model (R-model) was developed. The significant bio-omics and radiomics features were combined to establish a Multi-omics model (M-model). The above 3 models were established to differentiate MYCN wild from MYCN gain and MYCN amplification (MNA). The calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to verify the prediction performance. Post hoc analysis was conducted to compare whether the constructed M-model can distinguish MYCN gain from MNA. Results: The M-model showed excellent predictive performance in differentiating MYCN wild from MYCN gain and MNA, which was better than that of the B-model and R-model [area under the curve (AUC) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74-0.92 vs. 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.90 and 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69-0.89]. The calibration curve showed that the M-model had the highest reliability. Post hoc analysis revealed the great potential of the M-model in differentiating MYCN gain from MNA (AUC 0.95, 95% CI: 0.89-1). Conclusions: The M-model model based on bio-omics and radiomics features is an effective tool to distinguish MYCN copy number category in pediatric patients with NB.

COL5A1 promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by activating tumor cell-macrophage crosstalk.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an exceptionally aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Despite the recognized interplay between tumors and tumor-associated macrophages in fostering drug resistance and disease progression, the precise mechanisms leading these interactions remain elusive. Our study revealed that the upregulation of collagen type V alpha 1 (COL5A1) in TNBC tissues, particularly in chemoresistant samples, was closely linked to an unfavorable prognosis. Functional assays unequivocally demonstrated that COL5A1 played a pivotal role in fueling cancer growth, metastasis, and resistance to doxorubicin, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the cytokine IL-6, produced by COL5A1-overexpressing TNBC cells actively promoted M2 macrophage polarization. In turn, TGFß from M2 macrophages drived TNBC doxorubicin resistance through the TGFß/Smad3/COL5A1 signaling pathway, establishing a feedback loop between TNBC cells and macrophages. Mechanistically, COL5A1 interacted with TGM2, inhibiting its K48-linked ubiquitination-mediated degradation, thereby enhancing chemoresistance and increasing IL-6 secretion. In summary, our findings underscored the significant contribution of COL5A1 upregulation to TNBC progression and chemoresistance, highlighting its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for TNBC.

Allergenicity Modulation of Casein with the Modifications of Linearization, Cross-Linking, and Glycation via the Regulation of Th1/Th2 Homeostasis.

Casein (CN) is the primary allergenic protein in cow's milk, contributing to the worldwide escalating prevalence of food allergies. However, there remains limited knowledge regarding the effect of structural modifications on CN allergenicity. Herein, we prepared three modified CNs (mCN), including sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol-induced linear CN (LCN), transglutaminase-cross-linked CN (TCN), and glucose-glycated CN (GCN). The electrophoresis results indicated widespread protein aggregation among mCN, causing variations in their molecular weights. The unique internal and external structural characteristics of mCN were substantiated by disparities in surface microstructure, alterations in the secondary structure, variations in free amino acid contents, and modifications in functional molecular groups. Despite the lower digestibility of TCN and GCN compared to LCN, they significantly suppressed IL-8 production in Caco-2 cells without significantly promoting their proliferation. Moreover, GCN showed the weakest capacity to induce LAD2 cell degranulation. Despite the therapeutic effect of TCN, GCN-treated mice displayed the most prominent attenuation of allergic reactions and a remarkably restored Th1/Th2 imbalance, while LCN administration resulted in severe allergic phenotypes and endotypes in both cellular and murine models. This study highlighted the detrimental effect of linear modifications and underscored the significance of glycation in relation to CN allergenicity.

The role of peer social relationships in psychological distress and quality of life among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus suffer from diabetes distress and poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) since living with the condition that differentiates them from their peers. The present study investigated the effects of peer support and stress on diabetes distress and HRQOL and whether positive coping mediated the effects. METHODS: We used a prospective study design. A total of 201 adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus from 20 cities in 4 provinces were recruited.Participants complete two separate surveys at approximately 18-month intervals. The scales employed at both Time 1 and Time 2 included the Diabetes-Specific Peer Support Measure, Diabetes Stress Questionnaire for Youths, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, 5-item Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale, and the Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth scale. RESULTS: Baseline peer stress directly predicted diabetes distress and HRQOL at 18 months, even controlling for age, gender, and peer support. However, the direct effect of baseline peer support on 18-month diabetes distress and HRQOL was insignificant. Baseline peer support indirectly affected diabetes distress and HRQOL at 18 months through positive coping, indicating that positive coping plays a mediating role. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that peer social relationships, especially peer stress, and positive coping are promising intervention targets for adolescents facing challenges in psychosocial adaptation.

Absolute Ranging with Time Delay Interferometry for Space-Borne Gravitational Wave Detection.

In future space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detectors, time delay interferometry (TDI) will be utilized to reduce the overwhelming noise, including the laser frequency noise and the clock noise etc., by time shifting and recombining the data streams in post-processing. The successful operation of TDI relies on absolute inter-satellite ranging with meter-level precision. In this work, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate a strategy for inter-satellite distance measurement. The distances can be coarsely determined using the technique of arm-locking ranging with a large non-ambiguity range, and subsequently TDI can be used for precise distance measurement (TDI ranging) by finding the minimum value of the power of the residual noises. The measurement principle is introduced. We carry out the numerical simulations, and the results show millimeter-level precision. Further, we perform the experimental verifications based on the fiber link, and the distances can be measured with better than 0.05 m uncertainty, which can well satisfy the requirement of time delay interferometry.

Indomethacin restrains cytoplasmic nucleic acid-stimulated immune responses by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of IRF3.

The recognition of cytosolic nucleic acid triggers the DNA/RNA sensor-IRF3 axis-mediated production of type I interferons (IFNs), which are essential for antiviral immune responses. However, the inappropriate activation of these signaling pathways is implicated in autoimmune conditions. Here, we report that indomethacin, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, inhibits nucleic acid-triggered IFN production. We found that both DNA- and RNA-stimulated IFN expression can be effectively blocked by indomethacin. Interestingly, indomethacin also prohibits the nuclear translocation of IRF3 following cytosolic nucleic acid recognition. Importantly, in cell lines and a mouse model of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, indomethacin administration blunts self-DNA-induced autoimmune responses. Thus, our study reveals a previously unknown function of indomethacin and provides a potential treatment for cytosolic nucleic acid-stimulated autoimmunity.

Conformal Engineering of Both Electrodes Toward High-Performance Flexible Quasi-Solid-State Zn-Ion Micro-Supercapacitors.

The severe Zn-dendrite growth and insufficient carbon-based cathode performance are two critical issues that hinder the practical applications of flexible Zn-ion micro-ssupercapacitors (FZCs). Herein, a self-adaptive electrode design concept of the synchronous improvement on both the cathode and anode is proposed to enhance the overall performance of FZCs. Polypyrrole doped with anti-expansion graphene oxide and acrylamide (PPy/GO-AM) on the cathode side can exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance, including decent capacitance and cycling stability, as well as exceptional mechanical properties. Meanwhile, a robust protective polymeric layer containing reduced graphene oxide and polyacrylamide is self-assembled onto the Zn surface (rGO/PAM@Zn) at the anode side, by which the "tip effect" of Zn small protuberance can be effectively alleviated, the Zn-ion distribution homogenized, and dendrite growth restricted. Benefiting from these advantages, the FZCs deliver an excellent specific capacitance of 125 mF cm-2 (125 F cm-3) at 1 mA cm-2, along with a maximum energy density of 44.4 µWh cm-2, and outstanding long-term durability with 90.3% capacitance remained after 5000 cycles. This conformal electrode design strategy is believed to enlighten the practical design of high-performance in-plane flexible Zn-based electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs) by simultaneously tackling the challenges faced by Zn anodes and capacitance-type cathodes.

Dual glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor agonism reduces energy intake in type 2 diabetes with obesity.

AIMS: To establish which components of energy balance mediate the clinically significant weight loss demonstrated with use of cotadutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)/glucagon receptor dual agonist, in early-phase studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a phase 2a, single-centre, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Following a 16-day single-blind placebo run-in, participants were randomized 2:1 to double-blind 42-day subcutaneous treatment with cotadutide (100-300 µg daily) or placebo. The primary outcome was percentage weight change. Secondary outcomes included change in energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). RESULTS: A total of 12 participants (63%) in the cotadutide group and seven (78%) in the placebo group completed the study. The mean (90% confidence interval [CI]) weight change was -4.0% (-4.9%, -3.1%) and -1.4% (-2.7%, -0.1%) for the cotadutide and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.011). EI was lower with cotadutide versus placebo (-41.3% [-66.7, -15.9]; p = 0.011). Difference in EE (per kJ/kg lean body mass) for cotadutide versus placebo was 1.0% (90% CI -8.4, 10.4; p = 0.784), assessed by doubly labelled water, and -6.5% (90% CI -9.3, -3.7; p < 0.001), assessed by indirect calorimetry. CONCLUSION: Weight loss with cotadutide is primarily driven by reduced EI, with relatively small compensatory changes in EE.

Biomass Solid-State Electrolyte with Abundant Ion and Water Channels for Flexible Zinc-Air Batteries.

Flexible zinc-air batteries are the leading candidates as the next-generation power source for flexible/wearable electronics. However, constructing the safe and high-performance solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) with intrinsic hydroxide ion (OH-) conduction remains a fundamental challenge. Herein, by adopting the natural and robust cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as building blocks, the biomass SSEs with penetrating ion and water channels are constructed by knitting the OH--conductive CNFs and water-retentive CNFs together via an energy-efficient tape casting. Benefiting from the abundant ion and water channels with interconnected hydrated OH- wires for fast OH- conduction under nanoconfined environment, the biomass SSEs reveal the high water-uptake, impressive OH- conductivity of 175 mS·cm-1 and mechanical robustness simultaneously, which overcomes the commonly existed dilemma between ion conductivity and mechanical property. Remarkably, the flexible zinc-air batteries assembled with biomass SSEs deliver exceptional cycle lifespan of 310 hours and power density of 126 mW·cm-2. The design methodology for water and ion channels opens a new avenue to design high-performance SSEs for batteries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Colorful multi-plane augmented reality display with dynamically tunable reflective Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens.

Reflective cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) Pancharatnam-Berry phase lens (PBL) devices have attracted significant attention in augmented reality (AR) display due to their wide spectral and angular response bandwidths, high diffraction efficiency, and polarization selectivity. However, currently reported CLC reflective PBLs are either limited by monochrome display or suffers from complicated design for colorful display. Herein, we demonstrate a colorful multi-plane AR display system with dynamically tunable reflective PBL. The reflective PBL is fabricated by polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (PSCLC) that provides dynamical and continuous tunability of color and focal length by direct current (DC) voltage. A proof-of-concept colorful multi-plane AR device is demonstrated, where over 90% diffraction efficiency at desired wavelength has been obtained. The proposed simple, compact, and light AR display system capable of color-imaging with multi-depth shows great application potential in the vehicle-mounted head-up display (HUD).

An ecological resilience model for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Highly resilient adolescents with type 1 diabetes have been proved to achieve within-target glycemic outcomes and experience high quality of life. The ecological resilience model for adolescents with type 1 diabetes was developed in this study. It aims to increase our understanding of how resilience is both positively and negatively affected by internal and environmental ecological factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study surveyed 460 adolescents with type 1 diabetes from 36 cities in 11 provinces, China. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on resilience, family functioning, peer support, peer stress, coping style, and demographics. Standard glycated hemoglobin tests were performed on the adolescents. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the data. RESULTS: The ecological resilience model for adolescents with type 1 diabetes was a good model with a high level of variance in resilience (62%). Family functioning was the most important predictor of resilience, followed by peer support, positive coping, and peer stress. Moreover, positive coping was the mediator of the relationship between family functioning and resilience. Positive coping and peer stress co-mediated the association between peer support and resilience. CONCLUSIONS: Family functioning, peer relationships, and positive coping are interrelated, which may jointly influence resilience. The findings provide a theoretical basis for developing resilience-promotion interventions for adolescents with type 1 diabetes, which may lead to health improvements during a vulnerable developmental period.

Identification of biomarkers and immune infiltration characterization of lipid metabolism associated genes in osteoarthritis based on machine learning algorithms.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative condition commonly observed in the elderly, leading to consequential disability. Despite notable advancements made in clinical strategies for OA, its pathogenesis remains uncertain. The intricate association between OA and metabolic processes has yet to receive comprehensive exploration. In our investigation, we leveraged public databases and applied machine learning algorithms, including WGCNA, LASSO, RF, immune infiltration analysis, and pathway enrichment analysis, to scrutinize the role of lipid metabolism-associated genes (LAGs) in the OA. Our findings identified three distinct biomarkers, and evaluated their expression to assess their diagnostic value in the OA patients. The exploration of immune infiltration in these patients revealed an intricate relationship between immune cells and the identified biomarkers. In addition, in vitro experiments, including qRT-PCR, Western blot, chondrocyte lipid droplets detection and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation measurement, further verified abnormal expressions of selected LAGs in OA cartilage and confirmed the correlation between lipid metabolism and OA.

Piezocatalytically-induced controllable mineralization scaffold with bone-like microenvironment to achieve endogenous bone regeneration.

Orderly hierarchical structure with balanced mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties is the basis of the natural bone microenvironment. Inspired by nature, we developed a piezocatalytically-induced controlled mineralization strategy using piezoelectric polymer poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fibers with ordered micro-nano structures to prepare biomimetic tissue engineering scaffolds with a bone-like microenvironment (pcm-PLLA), in which PLLA-mediated piezoelectric catalysis promoted the in-situ polymerization of dopamine and subsequently regulated the controllable growth of hydroxyapatite crystals on the fiber surface. PLLA fibers, as analogs of mineralized collagen fibers, were arranged in an oriented manner, and ultimately formed a bone-like interconnected pore structure; in addition, they also provided bone-like piezoelectric properties. The uniformly sized HA nanocrystals formed by controlled mineralization provided a bone-like mechanical strength and chemical environment. The pcm-PLLA scaffold could rapidly recruit endogenous stem cells, and promote their osteogenic differentiation by activating cell membrane calcium channels and PI3K signaling pathways through ultrasound-responsive piezoelectric signals. In addition, the scaffold also provided a suitable microenvironment to promote macrophage M2 polarization and angiogenesis, thereby enhancing bone regeneration in skull defects of rats. The proposed piezocatalytically-induced controllable mineralization strategy provides a new idea for the development of tissue engineering scaffolds that can be implemented for multimodal physical stimulation therapy.

Profiling of long non-coding RNAs in hippocampal-entorhinal system subfields: impact of RN7SL1 on neuroimmune response modulation in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is recognized as the predominant cause of dementia, and neuroimmune processes play a pivotal role in its pathological progression. The involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AD has attracted widespread attention. Herein, transcriptomic analysis of 262 unique samples extracted from five hippocampal-entorhinal system subfields of individuals with AD pathology and without AD pathology revealed distinctive lncRNA expression profiles. Through differential expression and coexpression analyses, we identified 16 pivotal lncRNAs. Notably, RN7SL1 knockdown significantly modulated microglial responses upon oligomeric amyloid-ß stimulation, resulting in a considerable decrease in proinflammatory cytokine production and subsequent neuronal damage. These findings highlight RN7SL1 as an essential neuroimmune-related lncRNA that could serve as a prospective target for AD diagnosis and treatment.

Proximal tubular MBD2 promotes autophagy to drive the progression of AKI caused by vancomycin via regulation of miR-597-5p/S1PR1 axis.

Our recent investigation has indicated that the global deletion of MBD2 can mitigate the progression of AKI induced by VAN. Nevertheless, the role and regulatory mechanisms of proximal tubular MBD2 in this pathophysiological process have yet to be elucidated. Our preceding investigation revealed that autophagy played a crucial role in advancing AKI induced by VAN. Consequently, we postulated that MBD2 present in the proximal tubule could upregulate the autophagic process to expedite the onset of AKI. In the present study, we found for the first time that MBD2 mediated the autophagy production induced by VAN. Through the utilization of miRNA chip analysis, we have mechanistically demonstrated that MBD2 initiates the activation of miR-597-5p through promoter demethylation. This process leads to the suppression of S1PR1, which results in the induction of autophagy and apoptosis in renal tubular cells. Besides, PT-MBD2-KO reduced autophagy to attenuate VAN-induced AKI via regulation of the miR-597-5p/S1PR1 axis, which was reversed by rapamycin. Finally, the overexpression of MBD2 aggravated the diminished VAN-induced AKI in autophagy-deficient mice (PT-Atg7-KO). These data demonstrate that proximal tubular MBD2 facilitated the process of autophagy via the miR-597-5p/S1PR1 axis and subsequently instigated VAN-induced AKI through the induction of apoptosis. The potentiality of MBD2 being a target for AKI was established.

Outdoor Light at Night, Air Pollution, and Risk of Cerebrovascular Disease: A Cohort Study in China.

BACKGROUND: We sought to explore the associations of outdoor light at night (LAN) and air pollution with the risk of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD). METHODS: We included a total of 28 302 participants enrolled in Ningbo, China from 2015 to 2018. Outdoor LAN and air pollution were assessed by Satellite-derived images and land-use regression models. CeVD cases were confirmed by medical records and death certificates and further subdivided into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs. RESULTS: A total of 1278 CeVD cases (including 777 ischemic and 133 hemorrhagic stroke cases) were identified during 127 877 person-years of follow-up. In the single-exposure models, the hazard ratios for CeVD were 1.17 (95% CI, 1.06-1.29) for outdoor LAN, 1.25 (1.12-1.39) for particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm, 1.14 (1.06-1.22) for particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm, and 1.21 (1.06-1.38) for NO2 in every interquartile range increase. The results were similar for ischemic stroke, whereas no association was observed for hemorrhagic stroke. In the multiple-exposure models, the associations of outdoor LAN and PM with CeVD persisted but not for ischemic stroke. Furthermore, no interaction was observed between outdoor LAN and air pollution. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of exposure to outdoor LAN and air pollution were positively associated with the risk of CeVD. Furthermore, the detrimental effects of outdoor LAN and air pollution might be mutually independent.

A statistical symptomatic evaluation on SAPHO syndrome from 56 cases of confirmed diagnosis and 352 cases of non-SAPHO involvement.

OBJECTIVE: To report a statistical evaluation of symptomatology based on 56 cases of SAPHO syndrome and 352 non-SAPHO involvement cases, to propose a symptomatic scoring system in consideration of early warning for SAPHO syndrome. METHODS: A cohort comprising 56 subjects diagnosed with SAPHO syndrome was reported, as well as 352 non-SAPHO involvement cases, including their chief complaints, skin manifestations, radiological findings, and laboratory tests. We systematically reviewed previous published five representative huge cohorts from different countries to conclude several specific features of SAPHO by comparing with our case series. The score of each specific index is based on respective incidence and comparison of two cohorts was performed. RESULT: In terms of complaint rates, all subjects of two cohorts suffered from osseous pain, which appeared in the anterior chest wall, spine, and limb which were calculated. In respect to dermatological lesions, SAPHO patients suffered from severe acne, and other patients (82.14%) accompanied with palmoplantar pustulosis. Having received radiological examinations, most SAPHO subjects rather than non-SAPHO involvement cases showed abnormal osteoarticular lesions under CT scanning and more detailed information under whole-body bone scintigraphy. Differences also emerged in elevation of inflammation values and rheumatic markers like HLA-B27. Based on our cases and huge cohorts documented, the early warning standard is set to be 5 scores. CONCLUSIONS: SAPHO syndrome case series with 56 subjects were reported and an accumulative scoring system for the early reminder on SAPHO syndrome was proposed. The threshold of this system is set to be 5 points. Key Points • Fifty-six patients diagnosed by SAPHO syndrome with detailed symptoms and radiological findings were reported. • Comparison was made between the 56 SAPHO patients and 352 non-SAPHO involvement cases. • An accumulative scoring system for the early reminder on SAPHO syndrome was proposed and the threshold of this system is set to be five points.

Stabilizing Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Liquid Metal Via Dynamic Hydrogel-Derived Carbon Framework Encapsulation.

Eutectic gallium-indium liquid metal (EGaIn-LM), with a considerable capacity and unique self-healing properties derived from its intrinsic liquid nature, gains tremendous attention for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) anode. However, the fluidity of the LM can trigger continuous consumption of the electrolyte, and its liquid-solid transition during the lithiation/de-lithiation process may result in the rupture of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Herein, LM is employed as an initiator to in situ assemble the 3D hydrogel for dynamically encapsulating itself; the LM nanoparticles can be homogeneously confined within the hydrogel-derived carbon framework (HDC) after calcination. Such design effectively alleviates the volume expansion of LM and facilitates electron transportation, resulting in a superior rate capability and long-term cyclability. Further, the "dual-layer" SEI structure and its key components, including the robust LiF outer layer and corrosion-resistant and ionic conductive LiGaOx inner layer are revealed, confirming the involvement of LM in the formation of SEI, as well as the important role of carbon framework in reducing interfacial side reactions and SEI decomposition. This work provides a distinct perspective for the formation, structural evolution, and composition of SEI at the liquid/solid interface, and demonstrates an effective strategy to construct a reliable matrix for stabilizing the SEI.

Steric-hindrance Effect Tuned Ion Solvation Enabling High Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries.

Despite many additives have been reported for aqueous zinc ion batteries, steric-hindrance effect of additives and its correlation with Zn2+ solvation structure have been rarely reported. Herein, large-sized sucrose biomolecule is selected as a paradigm additive, and steric-hindrance electrolytes (STEs) are developed to investigate the steric-hindrance effect for solvation structure regulation. Sucrose molecules do not participate in Zn2+ solvation shell, but significantly homogenize the distribution of solvated Zn2+ and enlarge Zn2+ solvation shell with weakened Zn2+-H2O interaction due to the steric-hindrance effect. More importantly, STEs afford the water-shielding electric double layer and in situ construct the organic and inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte interface, which effectively boost Zn anode reversibility. Remarkably, Zn//NVO battery presents high capacity of 3.9 mAh ⋅ cm-2 with long cycling stability for over 650 cycles at lean electrolyte of 4.5 µL ⋅ mg-1 and low N/P ratio of 1.5, and the stable operation at wide temperature (-20 °C~+40 °C).

Risk Factors of Chylothorax After Congenital Heart Surgery in Infants: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study.

Background: Studies of chylothorax after congenital heart disease in infants are rare. Chylothorax has a higher incidence in infancy, but its risk factors are not well understood. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the risk factors of chylothorax after congenital heart surgery in infants. Methods: This retrospective study included 176 infants who underwent congenital heart disease surgery at the Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, China, between 2016 and 2020. According to the occurrence of chylothorax, the patients were divided into a control group (n = 88) and a case group (n = 88). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to analyse the incidence and influencing factors of chylothorax after congenital heart surgery in infants. Results: Between 2016 and 2020, the annual incidence rate fluctuated between 1.55% and 3.17%, and the total incidence of chylothorax was 2.02%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative albumin (p = 0.041; odds ratio [OR] = 0.095), preoperative mechanical ventilation (p = 0.001; OR = 1.053) and preterm birth (p = 0.002; OR = 5.783) were risk factors for postoperative chylothorax in infants with congenital heart disease. Conclusion: The total incidence of chylothorax was 2.02% and the annual incidence rate fluctuated between 1.55% and 3.17% between 2016 and 2020. Premature infants, longer preoperative mechanical ventilation and lower albumin after congenital heart surgery may be risk factors for chylothorax. In addition, infants with chylothorax are inclined to be infected, need more respiratory support, use a chest drainage tube for longer and remain longer in hospital.